Wednesday, March 27, 2013

Genetic Engineering


Genetic Engineering isn’t as complex as it sounds. 
      
Regardless of how different two species appear, their genetic composition is largely the same, which means that specific genetic traits are compatible in a variety of different hosts. Mice have been modified with the gene from a firefly to glow in the dark like a light bulb.  These mice experienced no harmful effects, because mice DNA and firefly DNA are hardly different at all.  The gene for luminescence continued to function properly, simply using a mouse as a medium instead of a lightning bug.
        
Humans share 98.5 % of our DNA with chimps, approximately 85% with zebra fish, around 36% with fruit flies, and about 15% with mustard grass.  All living organisms are closely related. 
       
Usually people don’t imagine animals being genetically altered, but in reality, research into animal modification is well underway and cows that deliver pharmaceuticals in their milk have already been developed.     


Amusing Website for Shared Genes:  http://genetics.thetech.org/online-exhibits/genes-common         

Are genetically engineered foods dangerous for your health?  No.  Genetic modification is a way of speeding up a completely natural process; unless geneticists were to purposefully engineer crops to be toxic, tweaking the structure of the plants won’t harm us.  Despite this, and because of public outcry, genetically engineered foods are forced through rigorous testing before being sold.  Genetically modified foods are actually the safest options on the market because they are screened for afflictions that slip by in traditional crops. 
      
Why then, is there so much opposition to genetic engineering?  Well, one explanation is that genetic engineering poses a very real risk to the environment.  Sometimes, crops are modified to be so resilient they spread beyond farmland and take over local ecosystems, destroying bio diversity.  As a solution, scientists have engineered modern crops to not reproduce independently so that they won’t spread beyond where they’re planted, but this has proved unpopular among farmers who are then forced to buy new seeds every year. 
         
Sometimes genetically modified foods are engineered to be resistant to a specific pesticide.  After they are planted, their fields are then doused with massive amounts of that chemical, killing off everything besides the intended crop.  This, as you can imagine, is not the most environmentally friendly use of genetic engineering.  On the bright side, in recent years scientists are moving away from that by developing crops with natural insect repellent inside of them, so that pesticides will no longer be necessary.
       
Gradually we are becoming more aware of the tools’ environmental implications, and we are engineering to avoid them.  Our world is home to seven billion people, and organic farms are not efficient enough to feed us all.  Rather than choke our fields in chemicals that are potentially harmful to ourselves and the environment, why not invest in something that has the potential to coexist with the natural elements of our world?   

Anti GE source,
“What is Genetic Engineering?”  ucsusa.org.  2003.  Union of Concerned Scientists.  Web.
February 24, 2012.    


Pro GE source,
“Food:  How Altered?”  enviroment.nationalgeographic.com   Ed. Jennifer Ackerman.   2012. 

The National Geographic Society.  Web.  February 24, 2012.  

  

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